HESA LAW JOURNAL

In recent decades, the use of traditional international treaties has declined as states increasingly rely on deformalized agreements—nonbinding arrangements such as interinstitutional agreements and memoranda of understanding. These agreements allow governments to bypass the complexities of formal treaty-making while addressing shared challenges Guillermo J. Garcia Sanchez

An outbreak of deaths and serious injuries associated with ecigarette or vaping product use in the United States and Canada starting in 2019 demonstrated that the use of unregulated vaping products can have catastrophic health impac Genevieve Wilkinson and Elizabeth Sheargold

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) as “a process in which a relatively pure stream of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial and energy-related sources is separated (captured), conditioned, compressed, and transported to a storage location for long-term isolation from the atmosphere. Carolina Arlota & Michael B. Ge

In October 2023, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali declared access to the Red Sea is “an existential matter” for Ethiopia, reigniting the longstanding dispute with Eritrea over the Assab Red Sea coastal areas. Mahemud Eshtu Tekuya

International arbitration tribunals and the national courts that annul or recognize and enforce the final awards have had a long and sometimes tumultuous relationship with each other. This relationship becomes even more strained when corruption finds its way into an arbitral proceeding that the court must then review. Jaimee Salgado

This Essay investigates the question of the assessment of evidence in cases of genocide when the perpetrator can make a believable claim that the consistency of a relevant pattern of his behavior has not been demonstrated. Paul Behrens

The incorporation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights into Taiwan’s domestic law provided death row inmates with the legal basis to submit requests for the President’s mercy. However, Presidents have persistently ignored these requests without any response to the inmates, and the judiciary regularly dismissed the cases of the inmates by rendering Read More …

In his current contribution to this Journal, Prof. Dr. Kai Ambos evaluates whether Israel’s treatment of Palestinians on the West Bank fulfills the elements of the international crime of apartheid, as defined in the Statute of the International Criminal Court. This crime could not, of course, be committed by one or two or even fifty Read More …

The “Safe Third Country” principle in international refugee law refers to a State’s ability to reject a person’s asylum application if they have already been granted protection by another country in compliance with the 1951 Refugee Convention Emma Hazeltine

In the Northern Triangle countries (El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala), gang violence, particularly against women, girls, and LGBTQ+ persons, results in gross violations of human rights and is a major driver of forced displacement. Gang members systematically use gender-based violence, including rape, femicide, kidnapping, sexual slavery, and persecution of LGBTQ+ persons, to exert territorial control Read More …